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Pommern / Pomeranian Research Resources
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Pomeranian
Immigrants in America, Brazil, South Africa, etc. (Immigranten
Pomeranian in Amerika, in Brasilien, in Südafrika, in usw.)
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Stories of the
Pommern Emigrants -- Private Memoires, Diaries, Collections,...(Berichte
die Auswanderung)
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The form er
Prussian/German province of Pomerania (from Slavic po, "along" and
morze, "sea") was situated on the southern Baltic Coast, on both sides of the
River Oder, stretching from Stralsund on the west to Stolp on the east..
The Slavic tribes Pomorzanie and Polabs settled the area in the 5th century.
German migration into the western and central regions of Pomerania began in the
late 12th century. Western Pomerania (Vorpommern) was acquired by the
Swedes through the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. Part of this area was returned
to Brandenburg in 1720. Prussia combined this area and the other areas of
western Pomerania in 1815 as one province and called it Pommern. Prussia annexed
Eastern Pomerania (Hinterpommern) in 1772.
After World War I, the Treaty of Versailles created the Polish Corridor in
part of Hinterpommern. The Polish part formed the province of Pomerelia
(German Pommerellen; Polish Pomorze)(6,335 sq. mi. / 16,408 sq. km.), with
Bydgoszcz as its capital. The German province had 14,380 sq. mi. / 38,410 sq.
km.), with Stettin (Szczecin) as its capital.
After World War II, the Potsdam Conference in 1945 transferred to Polish
jurisdiction the area east of the Oder River (former Hinterpommern), and a small
part west of the Oder including the former Pomeranian capital city Stettin (Szczecin),
the peninsula Wollin, and the eastern part of the peninsula Usedom with the city
of Swinemünde. The former Hinterpommern today forms two of the 16 voivodeships
(provinces) of Poland: Zachodnio-Omorskie (province of West Pomerania) with
Szczecin (formerly Stettin) as its capital city and Pomorskie (Pomerania) with
Gdansk (formerly Danzig) as its capital. The balance of the Pommern area west of
the Oder was designated as part of Mecklenburg and thus a part of the Soviet
zone of occupation. The area became part of the German Democratic Republic
(Deutsche Demokratische Republik), also known as East Germany. Today most of
this area is part of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
Facts About Pomerania/Pommern --
Size: 11,621 sq. miles (comparable to the
state of Maryland)
Prussian: 1701-1947
Dominant religion: Protestant (1871:
Evangelical - 1,397,467; Catholic - 16,858; Other - 4,266; Jewish - 13,036; and
Non-Christian -6)
Population: 1855 - 1,289,134; 1871 -
1,431,796
Land ownership: 1860s: 0-3.1 acres
(cottagers) - 80; 3.2-18.9 acres - 400; 19.0-189 acres - 2,863; 190-378 acres -
572; and over 378 acres - 6,979 (total: 10,484 landowners)
Principal crops: potatoes, rye, oats,
wheat, barley, tobacco, flax, hops, beetroot
Livestock: horses, sheep, cattle, pigs,
geese
Industry: fishing, linen weaving,
shipbuilding, distilleries, sugar refineries, peat, woodworking
Minerals: chalk
Rivers: Oder, Peene, Ücker, Ihna,
Persante
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This is what Frederick the Great
had to say about the character of the Pomeranians:
"Die pommern sin von natürlicher
Offenheit. Verschmitzheit und Gerissenheit liegt ihen nich. Der kleine Mann is
mißtrauisch und dickköpig, auch wohl selbstsüchtig aber weder grausam noch
heftig, und die Sitten sind sanft, so daß hier keine Strenge am Platze ist. Die
Pommern haben einen geraden und schlichten Sinn. Unter allen provinzen hat
Pommern die besten Untertanen für kriegsdienste wie für alle Ämter gern betrauen,
weil ihr Freimut sich nicht für Geschäfte eignet. Manche leisten im Finanzfach
ziemluch gute Dienste, sie geben gute Offiziere, werläßliche Soldaten ab."
"The Pomeranians are of a natural
openness. Craftiness and cunning are not in them. The ordinary man is suspicious
and thick-headed, even selfish, but neither cruel nor violent, and their customs
are mild so that here there is no striving for position. The Pomeranians have a
direct and modest consciousness. Of all the provinces (in Prussia), Pomerania
has the best subjects for war service as well as for any office to which they
are appointed. Only I would not like to trust them with diplomatic negotiations
because their candor does not fit them for this business. Many give good service
in finance, they make good officers and dependable soldiers."
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